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How Do I Know If I Have It?

Anaphylaxis is diagnosed on the basis of its symptoms.

There is no way to gauge an individual's potential for a severe allergic response before it occurs. However, those with a history of allergic reactions — mild, moderate, or severe — may be at greater risk of having a severe reaction in the future.

Tests that are commonly used to assess allergic responses include skin-prick tests and radio-allergosorbent (RAST) blood tests (that determine specific IgE levels to allergens). Skin-prick tests involve putting small amounts of suspected allergens under the skin on the arm or back and watching for signs of allergic reaction.

What Are the Treatments?

Epinephrine by injection is the only effective immediate treatment for anaphylaxis. It rapidly reverses the uncomfortable flushing and itching that accompanies most anaphylactic reactions. Epinephrine can also reverse the life-threatening symptoms of anaphylactic shock, if given in time. If you are allergic to insect stings or any of the foods that are common causes of anaphylaxis, or if you ever have had an anaphylactic reaction, you should carry an epinephrine injection kit (Epi-Pen) at all times and know how to use it. If you're at risk, make sure your family members, friends, and colleagues know the signs of anaphylaxis and how to give you an injection, if needed.

If someone appears to be suffering from anaphylaxis, call for emergency help, even if the person has been given an epinephrine injection. Anyone who has an anaphylactic reaction should be checked by medical personnel. Aminophylline, cortisone drugs (such as prednisone), or antihistamines (given after epinephrine) may help prevent the return of acute symptoms.

If a victim of anaphylaxis stops breathing, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately. Continue CPR until the person begins breathing again or emergency medical personnel take over.

Certain medicines, such as beta-blockers (often given for high blood pressure) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (often given for heart disease), may hinder the successful treatment of an anaphylactic reaction. If you ever have suffered a severe allergic reaction and are taking either of these medicines, ask your doctor whether your medication should be changed.