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How Do I Know If I Have It?

Your doctor will diagnose bursitis based on your symptoms, a physical exam, and the answers you give to questions about your medical history and activities that may have brought on the pain and swelling.

Some diagnostic tests may be performed to rule out other causes of your pain. These include the following:

• An X-ray of the affected area, to look for bony spurs (abnormal areas) or arthritis.
• Aspiration, in which fluid is taken from the swollen bursa and evaluated under a microscope, to rule out gout or infection.
• Blood tests to screen for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes.

A magnetic resonance imaging test (MRI) also may be performed to evaluate your condition.

How Is It Treated?

Although bursitis generally disappears in a few days or weeks, you must take measures to avoid further strain or injury.  A physical therapy program that includes stretching and focused strengthening exercises could be helpful.

Though you may be tempted to tough-out the pain, it's not a good idea.  Left untreated, chronic bursitis can lead to the formation of calcium deposits in normally soft tissues, sometimes causing permanent reduction of motion in the affected joint.

Initial treatment typically consists of aspirin or other over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These pain relievers also tend to reduce inflammation.  An injection of a local anesthetic mixed with one or more cortisone preparations into the bursa may be recommended to decrease inflammation and reduce pain.  Heat and ultrasound can help relax the joint and promote tissue repair.

Diathermy (deep-heat therapy), under the direction of a sports physician, licensed physical therapist, or trainer, not only can relieve the discomfort and inflammation of bursitis but also can soothe tense muscles, nerves, and tendons. It may help to apply ice to the affected area for 20 to 30 minutes twice daily for two to three days.

Bursitis may recur, particularly if you engage regularly in strenuous exercise or physical labor. In such cases, your doctor may prescribe corticosteroid treatment, in the form of either oral medication, topical creams, or injections to the affected joints. In severe cases, it may be necessary to draw fluid from inflamed and swollen bursae with a needle to relieve the pressure. In persistent conditions, bursae can be surgically removed.

How Can I Prevent It?

Warming up before strenuous exercise and cooling down afterward is the most effective way to avoid bursitis and other strains affecting the bones, muscles and ligaments. Avoid activities that aggravate the problem. Rest the affected area after activity. Cushion your joints to avoid prolonged pressure and trauma. Knees can be protected with roofer pads purchased at any hardware store.

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