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What Is Frostbite?

Frostbite refers to the freezing of body tissue (usually skin), that results in loss of feeling and color in the tissue. It most commonly affects areas that are further away from the body core and have less blood flow. These include your feet, hands, nose and ears.

There are three degrees of frostbite: frostnip, superficial frostbite, and deep frostbite. Although children, older people, and those with circulatory problems are at greater risk for frostbite, most cases occur in adults between 30 and 49.

If you have frostbite, you may not realize at first that anything is wrong because the affected area will be numb. With prompt medical attention, most people recover fully from frostbite. However, in severe frostbite, permanent damage is possible, depending on how long and how deeply the tissue is frozen. In severe cases, blood flow to the area may stop and blood vessels, muscles, nerves, tendons and bones may be permanently affected. If the frozen tissue dies, the area may need to be amputated.

What Causes It?

Frostbite is caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, particularly when accompanied by a low wind-chill factor or by briefer exposure to very cold temperatures